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# Month: April 2014

## When you cannot replicate from master M to slave S

MySQL Replication April 28, 2014April 28, 2014

Working on some replication topology automation, here are some rules that will prevent you from replicating from a MySQL server M to a slave S:

- M does not have binary logs (log_bin) enabled
- M is itself a slave and does not have log_slave_updates enabled
- M has a higher major version than S (e.g. M is 5.6 and S is 5.5, but do note log_bin_use_v1_row_events)
- Both servers have same server_id
- S has log_bin & log_slave_updates, uses STATEMENT binlog_format, and M uses ROW or MIXED binlog_format
- S has log_bin & log_slave_updates, uses MIXED binlog_format, and M uses ROW binlog_format
- S and M are using different replication filters (some rules could work; good luck if you’re that adventurous)

[EDIT: the above is configuration-wise]

Did I miss anything? Please comment below.

## The mystery of MySQL 5.6 excessive buffer pool flushing

MySQL InnoDB Performance Replication April 20, 2014April 20, 2014

I’m experimenting with upgrading to MySQL 5.6 and am experiencing an unexplained increase in disk I/O utilization. After discussing this with several people I’m publishing in the hope that someone has an enlightenment on this.

We have a few dozens servers in a normal replication topology. On this particular replication topology we’ve already evaluated that STATEMENT based replication is faster than ROW based replication, and so we use SBR. We have two different workloads on our slaves, applied by two different HAProxy groups, on three different data centres. Hardware-wise, servers of two groups use either Virident SSD cards or normal SAS spindle disks.

Our servers are I/O bound. A common query used by both workloads looks up data that does not necessarily have a hotspot, and is very large in volume. DML is low, and we only have a few hundred statements per second executed on master (and propagated through replication).

We have upgraded 6 servers from all datacenters to 5.6, both on SSD and spindle disks, and are experiencing the following phenomena: Continue reading » “The mystery of MySQL 5.6 excessive buffer pool flushing”

## Monitoring DML/slow queries with graphite

MySQL graphite Monitoring scripts April 19, 2014April 19, 2014

pt-query-digest, Anemometer or “Anemomaster” do a great job of analysing your queries and giving you visibility into what’s going on with your MySQL servers. However, the place where the query digests are written is just some MySQL tables on some server. Do you have monitoring/alerts on that table? How will you verify a specific query does not exceed some runtime/execution count threshold, and get notified when it does?

At Outbrain we use Graphite to collect almost all of our data. We like it for its simplicity and for the fact it has a “push” strategy as opposed to “pull” strategy: every service/server/collectd writes (pushes) its own data to Graphite, as opposed to having some centralized monitoring service trying to pull data from thousands of servers & services. We also have a great Graphite dashboard (developed at our company by Erez Mazor) called graphitus, which is a very sophisticated and easily configurable visualization solution (see documentation).

Our love/hate relationship with Nagios boil down to having a single Nagios plugin: one that reads data from Graphite. We use Nagios to generate our alerts, and dream of the day we will substitute it with something else (there’s not too much love in this love/hate relationship).

Graphite is a numeric timeseries data monitoring solution. How do you throw MySQL query analysis into Graphite, then?

The answer lies within the flexible structure of a Graphite metric entry, which is a freely composed path, such as collectd.hosts.us-east.myhost01.mysql.gauge-Threads_running.value. Graphite does not require you to pre-define paths, and you can use anything that makes sense to you. Thus, you can use a slow query’s text, for example, as part of the Graphite entry path. This is not entirely simple as the graphite path limits the allowed characters. So this is what we do: Continue reading » “Monitoring DML/slow queries with graphite”

## “Anemomaster”: DML visibility. Your must-do for tomorrow

MySQL Anemometer DevOps Monitoring Open Source Replication April 18, 2014April 18, 2014

Here’s our take of master DML query monitoring at Outbrain (presented April 2014). It took a half-day to code, implement, automate and deploy, and within the first hour of work we managed to catch multiple ill-doing services and scripts. You might want to try this out for yourself.

#### What’s this about?

What queries do you monitor on your MySQL servers? Many don’t monitor queries at all, and only look up slow queries on occasion, using pt-query-digest. Some monitor slow queries, where Anemometer (relying on pt-query-digest) is a very good tool. To the extreme, some monitor TCP traffic on all MySQL servers — good for you! In between, there’s a particular type of queries that are of special interest: DML (INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE) queries issued against the master.

They are of particular interest because they are only issued once against the master, yet propagate through replication topology to execute on all slaves. These queries have a direct impact on your slave lag and on your overall replication capacity. I suggest you should be familiar with your DMLs just as you are with your slow queries.

In particular, we had multiple occasions in the past where all or most slaves started lagging. Frantically we would go to our metrics; yes! We would see a spike in com_insert. Someone (some service) was obviously generating more INSERTs than usual, at a high rate that the slaves could not keep up with. But, which INSERT was that? Blindly, we would look at the binary logs. Well, erm, what are we looking for, exactly?

Two such occasions convinced us that there should be a solution, but it took some time till it hit us. We were already using Anemometer for monitoring our slow logs. We can do the same for monitoring our binary logs. Thus was born “Anemomaster”.

Quick recap on how Anemometer works: you issue pt-query-digest on your slow logs on all MySQL hosts (we actually first ship the slow logs to a central place where we analyse them; same thing). This is done periodically, and slow logs are then rotated. You throw the output of pt-query-digest to a central database (this is built in with pt-query-digest; it doesn’t necessarily produce human readable reports). Anemometer would read this central database and visualize the slow queries.

#### Analysing DMLs

But then, pt-query-digest doesn’t only parse slow logs. It can parse binary logs. Instead of asking for total query time, we ask for query count, and on we go to establish the same mechanism, using same pt-query-digest and same Anemometer to store and visualize the DMLs issued on our masters.

When analysing DMLs we’re interested in parsing binary logs — and it makes no sense to do the same on all slaves. All slaves just have same copy of binlog entries as the master produces. It only takes one server to get an accurate picture of the DMLs on your replication topology.

Continue reading » ““Anemomaster”: DML visibility. Your must-do for tomorrow”

## Some anecdotes I learned at Percona Live

MySQL Opinions PerconaLive April 8, 2014

While on the plane back home I wrote down all my impressions from Percona Live 2014. Have lots of TODOs and great ideas to implement. Among all my impressions, there were a few anecdotes worth noting.

- 5.6 GTID is still unfriendly. It will require complete shutdown & reconfiguration of your entire replication topology; and some companies present hacks around this. Notable, Facebook recoded GTID related code (slave agrees to replicate with GTID even though its master still uses binlog coordinates). Booking.com have their own hack around slowly migrating their topologies. And in a great lightning talk we were shown how to patch MySQL such that the relay logs turn into a consistent GTID-like coordinate system.
- Galera replication has been implemented for TokuDB (only active-passive mode, not active-active). This came as a surprise to Tokutek ; apparently Codership did this within a few hours of work. The rest is up for Tokutek!
- WebScaleSQL is a cool initiative that aims to assist in pushing commonly desired featured back upstream. It is Web Scale. It is also not a productio0n distribution and I do not expect it to be, It is not a fork that is meant for the common DBA to download and deploy.
- Tungsten replicator has MySQL to Hadoop replication using staging tables – an auditing of changes that are group-deployed on Hadoop.
- Still so many people unfamiliar with MySQLSandbox. It’s such a basic tool, especially for testing and local installations.
- Still misconceptions about common_schema. Yes, I do use it on production.
- Everyone has the same problems 🙂
- Replication is still queen of MySQL’s featureset. We’re still all about failing over, promoting, scaling via replication.
- Linux rules. Where two MacBooks failed to connect to the projector, my Lenovo/Ubuntu Linux did the job just fine and saved the day.

## MySQL Community Awards 2014: the Winners

MySQL community April 4, 2014April 7, 2014

The MySQL Community Awards initiative is an effort to acknowledge and thank individuals and corporates for their contributions to the MySQL ecosystem. It is a from-the-community, by-the-community and for-the-community effort. The committee is composed of an independent group of community members of different orientation and opinion, themselves past winners or known contributors to the community.

The 2014 community awards were presented on April 3rd, 2014, during the community event at the Percona Live conference. The winners are:

#### MySQL Community Awards: Community Contributor of the year 2014

- Colin Charles
  Colin’s list of service to the MySQL Community goes back almost 10 years. He was a community engineer starting in 2005, chaired some of the O’Reilly MySQL conferences, ran the MySQL projects for Google Summer of Code. As a partner and Chief Evangelist for Monty program, he continues to promote and grow the MySQL ecosystem. Though it’s his job, he goes above and beyond, driven by his passion for open source and MySQL.
- Frédéric Descamps
  Frederic organizes the MySQL & Friends Devroom at FOSDEM every year. He worked towards making a true community driven event participated by all key players. in 2014 the MySQL & Friends devroom also presented a shared booth/stand regrouping Oracle, MariaDB/SkySQL and Percona engineers and developers.
- Geoffrey Anderson
  Geoffrey is organizor & moderator at DBHangops: a bi-weekly community hangout discussing all things MySQL. The hangouts are free to join, and are streamed live and stored for later playback via YouTube.
  Geoffrey works to provide with content, and leads the hangouts with good spirit. DBHangOps makes for a good knowledge sharing media.

#### MySQL Community Awards: Application of the year 2014

- Galera
  Galera provides MySQL with synchronous replication, offering a long time sought for High Availability solution for MySQL. It is fast becoming one of the main product/technology everyone is building next-gen businesses around. It is an important part of the renaissance of what’s next for the “ecosystem”.
- Random Query Generator
  Random Query Generator has found hundreds of problems with its random generation of queries, because often the most serious bugs are outside of developers’ expectations and their test cases. Engineers who work on MySQL and its derivatives have been able to vastly improve the quality of the database because of it. Random Query Generator has positively effected every single user in the MySQL ecosystem, mostly without them even knowing it.
  RQG was originally created by Philip Stoev, and has attracted further contributors over the years.

#### MySQL Community Awards: Corporate Contributor of the year 2014

- Oracle
  Oracle has continued to show its commitment to MySQL with the 5.6 release and work in progress on 5.7. MySQL 5.6 might be the best release ever with significant improvements for InnoDB and replication (performance, GTIDs, parallel apply) including significant changes from the community. The 5.7 release has equally high goals for making replication better (enhanced semi-sync) and making InnoDB faster on big multi-core servers. We also appreciate the continued involvement, excellence and passion of the support and community teams.
- BinLogic
  BinLogic has been a great steward of the MySQL Community in one of the fastest growing technology hubs, Latin America. BinLogic created the MySQL, NoSQL and Cloud Solutions day in 2012 and repeated the event in 2013, drawing in notable speakers from the community.

Continue reading » “MySQL Community Awards 2014: the Winners”